Universal Conformity

• Universal standards for map grids are developed by projecting an area of the Earth on a flat space and, once this is accomplished, the grid systems can be interpreted to find various locations.
  
  

Projection Models

• Many types of projection models are used for maps. The Albers Equal Area Projection model shows the areas of all regions in the same proportion to their real true vicinity. The United States uses this particular projection model for atlases and world maps.
  
  

X-Y Space

• After real-area projections are placed onto maps, they are then set up in a coordinate system that allows a point to be described in x-y space.
  
  

Geographic System

• Several types of coordinate systems are in use today and one of the most popular of the systems is the geographic coordinate model. This particular system uses a degree of longitude and latitude to describe a particular point within a grid system. Longitude lines divide the Earth north and south and latitude lines divide the Earth east and west.
  
  

Minutes and Seconds

• Minutes and seconds are used on geographic coordinate maps to divide up degrees in order to describe location points with greater accuracy.