Gut Microbiomes Show Differences in Those at Risk for T1DM
Gut Microbiomes Show Differences in Those at Risk for T1DM
Objective Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes. This pilot study determines how geographical location affects the microbiome of infants at high risk for type 1 diabetes in a population of homogenous HLA class II genotypes.
Research Design and Methods High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples collected from 90 high-risk, nonautoimmune infants participating in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study in the U.S., Germany, Sweden, and Finland.
Results Study site–specific patterns of gut colonization share characteristics across continents. Finland and Colorado have a significantly lower bacterial diversity, while Sweden and Washington state are dominated by Bifidobacterium in early life. Bacterial community diversity over time is significantly different by geographical location.
Conclusions The microbiome of high-risk infants is associated with geographical location. Future studies aiming to identify the microbiome disease phenotype need to carefully consider the geographical origin of subjects.
The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study was formed to investigate environmental factors that trigger type 1 diabetes in genetically at-risk children. The gut microbiome is of interest, as several studies have shown that dysbiosis of the microbiome is associated with type 1 diabetes autoimmunity. The composition of the fecal microbiome is dependent on numerous external factors, including geographical location. This work presents the first geographical assessment of the gut microbiome in these genetically higher-risk children.
Abstract and Introduction
Abstract
Objective Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes. This pilot study determines how geographical location affects the microbiome of infants at high risk for type 1 diabetes in a population of homogenous HLA class II genotypes.
Research Design and Methods High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples collected from 90 high-risk, nonautoimmune infants participating in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study in the U.S., Germany, Sweden, and Finland.
Results Study site–specific patterns of gut colonization share characteristics across continents. Finland and Colorado have a significantly lower bacterial diversity, while Sweden and Washington state are dominated by Bifidobacterium in early life. Bacterial community diversity over time is significantly different by geographical location.
Conclusions The microbiome of high-risk infants is associated with geographical location. Future studies aiming to identify the microbiome disease phenotype need to carefully consider the geographical origin of subjects.
Introduction
The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study was formed to investigate environmental factors that trigger type 1 diabetes in genetically at-risk children. The gut microbiome is of interest, as several studies have shown that dysbiosis of the microbiome is associated with type 1 diabetes autoimmunity. The composition of the fecal microbiome is dependent on numerous external factors, including geographical location. This work presents the first geographical assessment of the gut microbiome in these genetically higher-risk children.