Definition

• Acid reflux is the flow of acid back into the esophagus, the tube that connects the stomach and throat. Signs can be a taste of food in the mouth or a feeling of burning in the chest. GERD is a chronic digestive problem and is a severe form of reflux, often involving regurgitation, problems swallowing, wheezing, pain in the chest, sour liquid and coughing.
  
  

Diagnosis

• The means of diagnosis for acid reflux and GERD are similar and may include X-rays of the upper digestive tract, endoscopy to examine the stomach and esophagus, tissue biopsy, tests to measure the amount of acid in the esophagus and a pressure test to measure movement of the esophagus.
  
  

Treatment

• Treatment of both conditions often involves changes in the lifestyle--eating smaller meals and avoiding acidic, fatty and caffeinated foods. Over-the-counter medication such as antacids can provide some heartburn relief. GERD can be treated with antacids, as well as medications that block acid production and heal the esophagus.
  
  

Complications

• Left untreated, acid reflux and GERD can cause damage and inflammation to the esophagus, leading to narrowing, sores or ulcers and precancerous changes.
  
  

Risk

• Risk factors for both heartburn and GERD include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, alcohol and diet. Hiatal hernia, ulcers and gastroparesis can contribute to an increased chance of developing digestive problems.