Requirements for Growing Artichokes
- A full sun location results in best growth and flower bud production. Artichokes tolerate freezing weather over winter, though they may require some protection in areas with prolonged winter freezing. Choose a bed with well-drained but moist soils. Beds with a high amount of organic matter and rich garden loam provide the best soil conditions. Incorporating compost into the bed prior to planting helps improve the soil quality for the artichokes. Artichokes need soil with a pH between 6.5 and 8.0. Perform a soil test prior to planting and add lime to raise the pH if recommended by the soil test.
- Artichokes require yearly fertilization to replenish the nutrients in the soil. An initial application of a 16-16-8 analysis fertilizer applied prior to planting gives the perennial plants the nutrients they need to establish and begin growing well. Apply 1/2 lb. of fertilizer per 100 square feet of bed before planting new artichokes. Continue to fertilize the plants with 21-0-0 nitrogen fertilizer every four weeks throughout each growing season. Begin applying 2 tsp. of the fertilizer each year four weeks after the artichokes begin putting on growth.
- Deep watering and moist soil during the summer growing season encourages healthy plant growth and flowering. Provide artichokes with 1 to 2 inches of water a week from rain or irrigation. Water the plants every four to seven days, especially during dry weather, so the soil doesn't dry out. Avoid overhead watering that wets the foliage. Wet foliage can cause fungal problems on the artichokes. Also, less moisture reaches the soil during overhead watering, which can lead to soil dryness. Instead, irrigate near the base of the plants so the moisture is absorbed into the soil quickly.
- Minimal pruning is necessary during the growing season, except to harvest the edible flower buds on the plants. Harvest artichokes before the bud leaves, or bracts, begin to open on the bud. Tight, full-size buds provide the most tenderness and flavor. Cut the buds off the flower stems 2 to 3 inches beneath the buds. Prune back the entire plant in late fall after frost has caused the plant to yellow and die back. Leave no more than 12 inches of the plant standing. Cover the artichokes with mulch after fall pruning to protect them from frost in cold climates.