Multiple Sclerosis

• The most common myelin sheath disorder is multiple sclerosis, a condition in which patches of your myelin sheath in your brain, spinal cord and eyes are either heavily damaged or completely destroyed.
  
  

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

• This rare inflammatory condition affects nerves in your spinal cord and brain. It usually emerges after you have suffered a viral infection.
  
  

Adrenoleukodystrophy and Adrenomyeloneuropathy

• These rare inherited metabolic disorders affect young boys. Adrenoleukodystrophy affects boys between 4 and 8 years old while adrenomyeloneuropathy affects boys in adolescence. Both are characterized by damage to the myelin sheath accompanied by dysfunction of the adrenal gland.
  
  

Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

• Demyelination (damage to the myelin sheath) in this disorder results in partial blindness. It is more common in males and usually emerges from age 15 to 35.
  
  

Tropical Spastic Paraparesis.

• Often referred to as HTLV-associated myelopathy because it is caused by an infection of HTLV (human T-cell lymphotropic virus) tropical spastic paraparesis progressively worsens and affects the myelin sheath in the spinal cord.