Explanation of Two Masses 1
Abstract
Two articles are presented for explanation about the masses of a body. It is a brief concept of gravitational and inertial masses and some examples.The Special and General Theory of Relativity are invoked for that explanation.
Explanation of Two Masses 1
Physicists have established the concept of two bodies of different ways: one due to acceleration produced by a force whose resistance is called inertia, and the other due to "pull" of gravity of a body, so we have the inertial mass and gravitational mass.
In 1909, the Hungarian physicist, Baron von Eötvös (pronounced ut'vush) by means of a delicate experiment was able to show within a great precision for the time that the two masses are equal in quantity. Then arose the principle of equivalence of the General Theory of Relativity, created by Einstein in 1913.
The Special Theory of Relativity, also created by Einstein in 1905, provides that the laws of physics can be expressed in equations that have the same form in all reference systems that move with respect to one another with constant speed. These reference systems are called inertial reference frames, and the speed of light in vacuum has the same value for all observers, regardless of their states of motion. Otherwise the general theory of relativity was formulated based on the principle of equivalence, and arose from the need to cover the accelerated motion of bodies in all directions. This gave rise to cosmology that attempt to explain the origin, structure the fate of the universe.
Einstein made the equivalence of Newtonian gravitational attraction between bodies, and the effect of acceleration of a closed system. A traveler who is inside an elevator that moves up a hypothetical tunnel length on the order of light years (one light year equals 9.5 trillion kilometers) away from Earth and what he feels in terms of "pull" can be interpreted as gravitational acceleration of the elevator, in the case, is 9.8 m/s2 (Earth's gravity), would give the impression that he would be at rest on Earth. A loose body inside the elevator gives the impression that falls under the action of gravity, but it is actually the floor of the elevator that goes against the body. The same happens with a beam of light shot horizontally inside the elevator accelerated upward, the lift would be a little higher when the beam finished its course and then the beam would appear to be bending toward the floor. Another view is the geometrization of space with the example of infinite rubber sheet stretched on which rests a heavy body, which generates a depression. A body that approaches straight following curve (geodesic) that the jump to the depression, giving the impression that he was attracted by the larger body. See how the obscure concept of force between bodies is replaced simply by the geometry of the continuum space-time-four dimensional.
Another example that should be remembered, is the free fall. A person inside an elevator that goes down at increasing speed experiences a weight loss until the moment the elevator experiences the acceleration of the natural "pull" of gravity (free fall), then the person no longer feels its own weight: it floats . But when the body has a horizontal velocity component of the Earth's surface, this being a spherical surface curves away from the falling object. Thus the object is always in free fall, but never reaches the Earth's surface. So the Moon that appears to be stable in the vault of heaven, is actually falling for billions of years in our direction without being hit. The same applies to the hundreds of satellites and spacecraft with its astronauts in orbit around the Earth.
Einstein insisted that all these effects into the hypothetical elevator also meet in a gravitational field like the Sun Let me recall once again the consequences of the theory of general and special relativity and which passed through the sieve of the trial, without exception. These consequences are:
Objects that decrease in length - An object that moves in the direction of its movement is shortened with increasing the speed until it cancel when it reaches the speed of light.
The mass of objects increases - the mass of a body gradually increases as its velocity increases until on reaching the speed of light becomes infinite. This was verified experimentally in the Stanford Linear Accelerator (has more than 3000 km long), California, in which electrons accelerated up to the threshold of the speed of light had its mass multiplied by 40,000. Loosely speaking, a soccer ball that weighs about 450 grams, it was accelerated from immobility to about the speed of light would have greater weight than the Sun!
The pace of time changes as the speed increases- the passage of time decreases when a body increases speed until reaching the speed of light, the rhythm stops completely. This gave rise to the paradox of twins: a brother of a twin pair embarks on a spaceship, and in the return is younger than the other who stayed here. Fiction? No. It was found that a high-precision atomic clock, placed on a spacecraft, measures a shorter time than an identical clock that remained on land. So, free of diseases, it is possible to stay young traveling at high speed. But this still seems a dream. The artificial satellites and spaceships can only currently reach about 0.04 percent of the speed of light.
Two articles are presented for explanation about the masses of a body. It is a brief concept of gravitational and inertial masses and some examples.The Special and General Theory of Relativity are invoked for that explanation.
Explanation of Two Masses 1
Physicists have established the concept of two bodies of different ways: one due to acceleration produced by a force whose resistance is called inertia, and the other due to "pull" of gravity of a body, so we have the inertial mass and gravitational mass.
In 1909, the Hungarian physicist, Baron von Eötvös (pronounced ut'vush) by means of a delicate experiment was able to show within a great precision for the time that the two masses are equal in quantity. Then arose the principle of equivalence of the General Theory of Relativity, created by Einstein in 1913.
The Special Theory of Relativity, also created by Einstein in 1905, provides that the laws of physics can be expressed in equations that have the same form in all reference systems that move with respect to one another with constant speed. These reference systems are called inertial reference frames, and the speed of light in vacuum has the same value for all observers, regardless of their states of motion. Otherwise the general theory of relativity was formulated based on the principle of equivalence, and arose from the need to cover the accelerated motion of bodies in all directions. This gave rise to cosmology that attempt to explain the origin, structure the fate of the universe.
Einstein made the equivalence of Newtonian gravitational attraction between bodies, and the effect of acceleration of a closed system. A traveler who is inside an elevator that moves up a hypothetical tunnel length on the order of light years (one light year equals 9.5 trillion kilometers) away from Earth and what he feels in terms of "pull" can be interpreted as gravitational acceleration of the elevator, in the case, is 9.8 m/s2 (Earth's gravity), would give the impression that he would be at rest on Earth. A loose body inside the elevator gives the impression that falls under the action of gravity, but it is actually the floor of the elevator that goes against the body. The same happens with a beam of light shot horizontally inside the elevator accelerated upward, the lift would be a little higher when the beam finished its course and then the beam would appear to be bending toward the floor. Another view is the geometrization of space with the example of infinite rubber sheet stretched on which rests a heavy body, which generates a depression. A body that approaches straight following curve (geodesic) that the jump to the depression, giving the impression that he was attracted by the larger body. See how the obscure concept of force between bodies is replaced simply by the geometry of the continuum space-time-four dimensional.
Another example that should be remembered, is the free fall. A person inside an elevator that goes down at increasing speed experiences a weight loss until the moment the elevator experiences the acceleration of the natural "pull" of gravity (free fall), then the person no longer feels its own weight: it floats . But when the body has a horizontal velocity component of the Earth's surface, this being a spherical surface curves away from the falling object. Thus the object is always in free fall, but never reaches the Earth's surface. So the Moon that appears to be stable in the vault of heaven, is actually falling for billions of years in our direction without being hit. The same applies to the hundreds of satellites and spacecraft with its astronauts in orbit around the Earth.
Einstein insisted that all these effects into the hypothetical elevator also meet in a gravitational field like the Sun Let me recall once again the consequences of the theory of general and special relativity and which passed through the sieve of the trial, without exception. These consequences are:
Objects that decrease in length - An object that moves in the direction of its movement is shortened with increasing the speed until it cancel when it reaches the speed of light.
The mass of objects increases - the mass of a body gradually increases as its velocity increases until on reaching the speed of light becomes infinite. This was verified experimentally in the Stanford Linear Accelerator (has more than 3000 km long), California, in which electrons accelerated up to the threshold of the speed of light had its mass multiplied by 40,000. Loosely speaking, a soccer ball that weighs about 450 grams, it was accelerated from immobility to about the speed of light would have greater weight than the Sun!
The pace of time changes as the speed increases- the passage of time decreases when a body increases speed until reaching the speed of light, the rhythm stops completely. This gave rise to the paradox of twins: a brother of a twin pair embarks on a spaceship, and in the return is younger than the other who stayed here. Fiction? No. It was found that a high-precision atomic clock, placed on a spacecraft, measures a shorter time than an identical clock that remained on land. So, free of diseases, it is possible to stay young traveling at high speed. But this still seems a dream. The artificial satellites and spaceships can only currently reach about 0.04 percent of the speed of light.