List of Birth Control Methods
- The easiest birth control method is the condom, which is made for both men and women. A female condom is inserted into the vagina and keeps sperm from penetrating inward toward the uterus, thus helping to prevent pregnancy. A female condom can be inserts up to 8 hours prior to sexual activity from occurring. A male condom is used to protect against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Condoms can be lubricated and non-lubricated. A new condom should be used after every sexual act. They should be stored in a cool place, as heat can break down latex, creating a high risk of breakage.
- Diaphragms and cervical caps prevent sperm from entering the body and reaching an egg. A diaphragm is a latex cup, while a cervical cup is the shape of a thimble and also made of latex. These birth control methods come in different sizes, and a proper fit by a doctor is important to ensure effectiveness. Diaphragms and cervical caps are inserted prior to sexual activity.
- Birth control pills come in monophasic, combined pill or progestin-only (mini pills). A monophasic birth control pill only has one active hormone, a combined pill has a combination of many and a mini pill only has progestin or progesterone. Birth control pills generally are taken once a day at the same time of the day. The length of a woman's menstrual cycle depends on the pill used. Some have 21 days of active pills and a week of placebo (sugar) pills, in which you menstruate. Others have 24 active pills and only four days of placebos.
- The birth control shot is administered once every three months. It prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg and changes the cervical lining, making it harder for sperm to enter. Doctors recommend that woman don't use the shot for more than two years, as it can result in bone density loss. While temporary, it can lead to osteoporosis in older age.
- A vaginal ring is a flexible and thin ring that inserted into the vagina. It releases estrogen and progestin into the body to stop the ovaries from releasing eggs each month. Much like any other birth control method, the uterine and cervical lining is thickened in order to prevent pregnancy from occurring. The ring is worn for three weeks each month and removed for a week for menstruation.
- An IUD includes two different variations, the implantation rod or the intrauterine device (IUD).
The implantation rod is put under the skin, usually in the upper arm. This rod releases progestin into the body. An IUD can be either copper or hormonal. A copper IUD releases copper in the body and can be effective for up to 10 years. A hormonal IUD should be inserted by a doctor and releases progestin into the uterus, which prevents a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus. It is effective for up to five years. - Other birth control methods include a birth control patch, which is applied similar to that of a vaginal ring, for three weeks of the month. It is removed for one week to menstrate. A tubal ligation is a permanent form of preventing pregnancy.