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Human Growth & Development Discussion Topics

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    Piaget's Theory

    • According to PsyBlog.org, few scientists have met with as much controversy and recognition as Swiss/French psychologist Jean Piaget. He believed that a child's mind did not develop smoothly but grew in stages. By observing his daughter, he concluded there were four stages of childhood that take a person into adulthood. These are: Sensorimotor --- the stage from birth to age two; preoperational --- the stage from two to seven years old; concrete operational --- the stage from seven to 11 years old; and formal operational --- the stage from 12 to adult.

    An Alternative Theory

    • A study at Appalachian State University offers an alternative theory to the stages of human growth and development. The study states that humans added childhood adolescence as one of the stages of growth. In the study, the stages are broken down as follows; infant ages (ages birth to three); childhood (ages three to seven); juvenile (beginning at age seven); and adolescent (10-18 in girls and 12-18 in boys). This study concludes that girls mature faster than boys and enter adolescence at a younger age, which had been surmised for many years.

    Principles of Development

    • The Virginia Cooperative Extension took a look at theories as to how people develop rather than the stages. These include the cephalocaudal principle, which indicates that children develop the head first, then the rest of the body. The principle of proximodisal development concludes that growth originates from the spinal cord outward. Other theories acknowledge that development is based on learning and how a child matures, and that growth is a continuous process, even into late adulthood. The Cooperative Extension service says these patterns of growth are universal.

    Growth Hormone Controversy

    • Many may think of growth hormones as something athletes use to bulk up their bodies, but there have been scientific uses for them. However there are concerns about whether or not growth hormones are okay and in what circumstances they should be used to help spur development. Scientists are continuing to study the effects of human growth hormones on adults and children. The use of these hormones by athletes has been outlawed by many sports organizations around the world.

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