Prevention of Disease Transmission
- Communicable diseases are infections caused by viruses, bacteria or parasites that can be spread by human contact. These include colds, influenza, chicken pox or head lice. Infectious diseases are more severe and include meningitis, hepatitis and HIV/AIDS.
- The germs that cause diseases can be spread from one person to another through the air, skin and bodily fluids. Germs can multiply quickly and when one touches a germ-infested area, the germs can enter the body easily by touching the face or food that will be ingested. When a sick person sneezes or coughs, others may breathe in the infected air and become ill. Blood infected with HIV (the virus that causes AIDS) can spread the virus when infected blood enters the blood stream of another person through an open wound or with a used needle.
- Since it is not always apparent if someone is infected with a communicable or infectious disease, people should use universal precautions and use the same steps to avoid disease transmission in all circumstances. Frequent hand washing with a disinfectant soap is one of the most effective ways to reduce the spread of disease. Those who know they are sick should avoid close contact with others and stay home until they are better. When coughing or sneezing, a face mask can be worn or a tissue should be used to prevent germs from entering the air. Wear disposable gloves and use extreme caution when blood is involved. Take advantage of available vaccines to prevent contracting illnesses such as the flu or chicken pox.
- Taking steps to avoid the transmission of diseases is an important way to minimize the possibility of large disease outbreaks. Individuals who are sick are costly to society because they may be unable to work and may need care. Some diseases can lead to serious complications and even death.
- Only a trained medical professional can determine if a person is suffering from a transmittable disease. When sick, follow the treatment recommendations from a physician to get better and reduce the chance of transmitting the disease to others. Always take precautions to avoid becoming infected from others.
